RESUMO
Yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) produces several secondary metabolites of interest to the phar maceutical industry, such as chlorogenic acids and methylxanthines. These compounds have been produced in vitro by callus culture from different species. However, for I. paraguariensis , no studies upon the production of these compounds in vitro have been p erformed to date. In this work, we show that the concentration of secondary metabolites from I. paraguariensis callus is possible and highly dependent on the callus growth phase. We observed that the best phase for the production of secondary compounds in calli of yerba mate is the stationary growth phase on both genotypes tested. In this phase, higher levels of phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and 3,5 - dicaffeoylquinic acid and greater antioxidant activity were observed. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5 - dicaffe oylquinic acid presented positive correlation with antioxidant activity. For the first time, secondary compounds were reported in yerba mate calli cultivated in vitro .
La yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis ) produce varios metabolitos secundarios de interés para la industria farmacéutica, como los ácidos clorogénicos y las metilxantinas. Estos compuestos se han producido in vitro mediante cultivo de ca llos de diferentes especies. Sin embargo, para I. paraguariensis , hasta la fecha no se han realizado estudios sobre la producción de estos compuestos in vitro . En este trabajo, mostramos que la concentración de metabolitos secundarios desde callos de I. pa raguariensis es posible y altamente dependiente de la fase de crecimiento del callo. Observamos que la mejor fase para la producción de compuestos secundarios en callos de yerba mate es la fase de crecimiento estacionario en ambos genotipos probados. En es ta fase se observaron niveles más altos de compuestos fenólicos, ácido clorogénico y ácido 3,5 - dicafeoilquínico y una mayor actividad antioxidante. El ácido clorogénico y el ácido 3,5 - dicafeoilquínico presentaron correlación positiva con la actividad antio xidante. Por primera vez, se reportaron compuestos secundarios en callos de yerba mate cultivados in vitro .
Assuntos
Ilex paraguariensis , Genótipo , AntioxidantesRESUMO
HIGHLIGHTS Essential oils from populations of B. dracunculifolia were investigated. β-pinene and (E)-nerolidol were the main compounds in B. dracunculifolia populations. The difference in the chemical profile of the essential oils is quantitative only. There is a negative correlation between the antioxidant activity and spathulenol.
Abstract Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. is a Brazilian native plant, presenting wide chemical diversity and numerous pharmaceutical and industrial applications. This research assessed the yield, antioxidant activity and the chemical similarity of essential oils from 10 populations of B. dracunculifolia in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. The extraction of the volatile compounds was carried out by hydrodistillation, the chemical composition was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. The essential oil yield of wild B. dracunculifolia populations ranged from 0.14 to 0.87%. The oils were predominantly composed of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (34.16 - 51.01%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (18.02 - 46.17%) and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (9.60 - 17.70%). The major compounds found in all populations were β-pinene (7.65 - 29.8%) and (E)-nerolidol (9.11 - 21.68%). Essential oil solutions (20%) from different populations presented antioxidant capacity ranging from 27.78 to 91.67%. A negative correlation was found between the antioxidant activity and spathulenol (r = -0.696). Multivariate analyses separated the populations into three groups: (1) low concentrations of α-pinene (2.02 - 2.06%), (2) high concentrations of α-pinene (4.17 - 4.61%) and β-pinene (22.54 - 29.80%), and (3) intermediate concentrations of α-pinene (2.38 - 3.31%), β-pinene (12.77 - 19.03%) and spathulenol (6.02 - 9.06%).